Humanoid Robots
Full-size humanoid robots designed to work alongside humans. From factory floors to household tasks, these bipedal machines represent the cutting edge of robotics.
43 robots
4NE-1
The 4NE-1 is a cognitive humanoid robot from NEURA Robotics, a Stuttgart-based company founded in 2019. Standing 180 cm tall and weighing 80 kg, it's built for both industrial and domestic use. The robot features 360-degree 3D perception, force-torque sensors on all joints, and a sensor skin for safe human interaction. It learns autonomously through reinforcement learning and can operate independently or via remote control. NEURA partnered with NVIDIA to accelerate development using their robotics simulation platform. The 4NE-1 can carry loads up to 15 kg and move at walking speed. A smaller variant, the 4NE-1 Mini, is planned for research and education use.
A2 Ultra
AGIBOT's full-size commercially deployed humanoid robot. Over 1,000 units deployed in real-world operations. Set a Guinness World Record for longest distance walked by a humanoid robot (106.286 km). First humanoid to hold top-tier certifications across China, US, and Europe (CR, CE-MD, CE-RED, FCC). Won 2025 iF and Red Dot Design Awards.
Ameca
Engineered Arts' humanoid robot platform designed for human-robot interaction research and public engagement. First revealed in December 2021 and debuted at CES 2022, Ameca went viral for its remarkably lifelike facial expressions. Now in its third generation (showcased at ICRA 2025), Ameca is deployed at museums and institutions worldwide including the Museum of the Future in Dubai and the National Robotarium in Edinburgh. Features grey rubber skin with a deliberately genderless design.
Apollo
Apptronik's general-purpose humanoid robot, developed from experience building NASA's Valkyrie. Partnership with Mercedes-Benz, backed by Google. Based in Austin, TX.
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ASIMO
Honda's iconic humanoid robot, developed over two decades starting from the Honda E series (1986) and P series (1993). ASIMO (Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility) was one of the world's most recognizable humanoid robots, capable of walking, running, climbing stairs, recognizing faces/voices, and interacting with humans. The final 2011 model featured 57 degrees of freedom and could run at 9 km/h. Honda retired ASIMO in March 2022 to focus on avatar-style robotic technology. Inducted into the Carnegie Mellon Robot Hall of Fame in 2004.
Astribot S1
Astribot S1 is a humanoid robot from Shenzhen-based Stardust Intelligence (Astribot), founded in December 2022. Commercial availability began in late 2025 in China, with international rollout expected throughout 2026. Designed as an AI research platform, S1 mirrors an adult male's operational parameters with 7 degrees of freedom per arm, 5kg payload per arm at horizontal reach, and effector speeds exceeding 10 m/s. The company uses a Design for AI (DFAI) architecture that deeply couples AI capabilities with manipulation hardware. S1 supports VR teleoperation for data collection, comprehensive APIs, and major simulation platforms. Targeted at universities, data centers, and AI enterprises for embodied intelligence research.
Atlas (Electric)
Boston Dynamics' fully electric humanoid robot. Currently in development with customer pilots at Hyundai. Successor to the hydraulic Atlas research platform.
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CyberOne
Xiaomi's humanoid robot prototype unveiled in August 2022. Capable of emotion recognition and bipedal locomotion. Currently a research/demo platform, not commercially available.
Digit
Purpose-built humanoid for logistics and warehouse operations. Deployed at Amazon and other enterprise customers. Enterprise sales only — no consumer pricing available.
DRC-HUBO+
The DRC-HUBO+ is the DARPA Robotics Challenge-winning humanoid robot developed by Team KAIST at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. It won first place and the $2 million prize at the DRC Finals in Pomona, California on June 6, 2015, completing all eight disaster-response tasks faster than any competitor. Its key innovation is the ability to transform between a walking bipedal posture and a wheeled kneeling posture — it drops to its knees and rolls on built-in knee wheels for fast, stable traversal, then stands up to use its arms and climb stairs. Built on the HUBO 2 (KHR-4) platform originally released in 2005, it represents over 15 years of humanoid research at KAIST led by Professor Jun-Ho Oh.
Figure 02
Figure AI's second-generation humanoid robot, unveiled August 6, 2024. Built for industrial deployment with integrated cabling, torso-mounted battery, and 3x the onboard AI compute of its predecessor. Deployed at BMW's Spartanburg plant where it contributed to the production of over 30,000 cars across 1,250+ hours of runtime. Officially retired following the launch of Figure 03 in October 2025.
Figure 03
Figure AI's latest humanoid robot, announced October 2025. Uses in-house Helix VLA system (OpenAI partnership ended in 2025). Deployed at BMW plants in Spartanburg (USA, 2025) and Leipzig (Europe, 2026) for manufacturing tasks. Not available for consumer purchase.
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Forerunner
Kepler's humanoid robot designed for manufacturing and industrial applications. Chinese company targeting factory automation with humanoid form factor.
G1
A semi-humanoid mobile manipulator from Beijing Galaxy General Robot Co. (Galbot), featuring a wheeled base and two dexterous arms. Designed for retail automation — inventory management, shelf replenishment, delivery, and packaging. Galbot opened the world's first humanoid-powered convenience store in Beijing in 2025, with plans to scale to 100 stores. The G1 is powered by proprietary VLA (vision-language-action) models including GraspVLA and GroceryVLA, enabling it to handle over 5,000 different product types without per-item calibration. Raised $335 million total funding by mid-2025, with CATL and Bosch Group as strategic partners.
G1
Unitree's compact, affordable humanoid robot designed for research and development. At just 132cm tall and 35kg, the G1 offers 23 degrees of freedom with optional dexterous three-fingered hands (Dex3-1). Available in standard and EDU variants, with the EDU version supporting up to 43 DOF, NVIDIA Jetson Orin computing, and full secondary development capabilities.
GR-1
The Fourier GR-1 is a general-purpose humanoid robot unveiled in July 2023 at the World Artificial Intelligence Conference in Shanghai. Standing 1.65 meters tall and weighing 55 kg, it features up to 44 degrees of freedom and a peak joint torque of 230 N·m for agile bipedal locomotion. Designed for mass production, the GR-1 is aimed at research, rehabilitation, and real-world service applications. It can walk at up to 5 km/h and carry payloads approaching its own body weight. Fourier Intelligence, originally a medical and rehabilitation robotics company, developed the GR-1 as their first general-purpose humanoid platform, with plans for integration of large language models and visual perception systems.
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GR-2
Fourier Intelligence's humanoid robot designed for rehabilitation research and general-purpose applications. Chinese company focused on medical robotics expanding into humanoids.
H1
Unitree's full-size humanoid robot with impressive dynamic locomotion and world-record walking speed. Listed on shop.unitree.com with 5,500+ units shipped across research and enterprise customers. Known for fast walking/running and terrain adaptation.
HRP-4C
HRP-4C, nicknamed Miim, is a feminine-looking humanoid robot created by Japan's National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST). Standing 158cm tall and weighing 43kg (including battery), she was designed with the proportions of an average young Japanese female based on national body dimension data. HRP-4C uses 30 body motors and 8 facial expression motors for a total of 42 degrees of freedom. She can walk bipedally, recognize speech and ambient sounds, and even sing using Yamaha's Vocaloid vocal synthesizer. First demonstrated publicly on March 16, 2009, she was later upgraded with more realistic walking and dancing abilities. Part of Japan's long-running Humanoid Robotics Project (HRP) series, she represented a leap toward human-like appearance and motion in research robotics.
iCub
iCub is an open-source humanoid robot designed for research into embodied cognition and artificial intelligence. Built by the Italian Institute of Technology (IIT) in Genoa, it's the size of a 3.5-year-old child at 104 cm tall. Over 40 units are in use at research labs across Europe, the US, Korea, Singapore, China, and Japan. The hardware and software are fully open-source under GPL. It has 53 degrees of freedom, stereo vision cameras, microphones, and an optional full-body tactile skin. It can crawl, walk, sit, grasp objects, make facial expressions, and learn from interaction — making it one of the most capable research humanoids in the world.
Iron
XPENG's humanoid robot, unveiled at the company's AI Day in November 2024 and updated in November 2025. Built by Chinese EV maker XPENG Motors, Iron leverages autonomous driving AI, solid-state batteries, and reinforcement-learning-based locomotion. Features 60 joints with 200 degrees of freedom and a 720-degree AI vision system derived from XPENG's self-driving technology. Targeted for mass production in late 2026, initially for industrial assembly and service applications.
Kaleido 9
The ninth generation of Kawasaki's RHP Kaleido humanoid robot series, unveiled at iREX 2025 in Tokyo. Built on a decade of bipedal robotics R&D from one of Japan's largest industrial robot manufacturers. Features reinforced waist and leg joints for better stability, LiDAR and stereo cameras for autonomous navigation, and a modular end-effector system for swapping tools. Can be operated autonomously or via VR headset teleoperation. Kawasaki targets factory tasks by 2030 and disaster response by 2050.
MenteeBot
Mentee Robotics' AI-first humanoid robot designed for household and warehouse tasks. Co-founded by Prof. Amnon Shashua (also co-founder of Mobileye) and Prof. Shai Shalev-Shwartz. Features full vertical integration with self-made actuators, Sim2Real learning for lifelike gait, NeRF-based 3D mapping, and LLM-powered task planning. Can be 'mentored' by humans — learning new skills through observation. Hot-swappable battery for continuous operation.
NAO6
The sixth generation of the iconic NAO humanoid robot, originally developed by Aldebaran Robotics (France) and now manufactured by Maxtronics after Maxvision Technologies acquired Aldebaran's assets in 2025. Standing 58cm tall with 25 degrees of freedom, NAO is one of the most widely deployed humanoid robots in history — over 13,000 units in use across 70+ countries. NAO replaced Sony's AIBO as the RoboCup Standard Platform League robot in 2007 and has been used in education, research, healthcare, and autism therapy. Features multilingual speech, facial recognition, and the Choregraphe graphical programming tool. Development began as 'Project Nao' in 2004.
NEO
1X's home-focused humanoid robot designed for safe human coexistence. Pre-orders opened Oct 28, 2025. Features a soft, lightweight body. NEO Gamma is the updated design revealed Feb 2025.
Oli
LimX Dynamics' full-size humanoid robot with advanced loco-manipulation capabilities. Powered by the COSA (Cognitive OS of Agents) agentic operating system, Oli is the first humanoid to combine whole-body motion control with high-level autonomous cognition — thinking while acting in real environments. Can navigate construction debris, sand, rocks, and uneven terrain. Features OTA-updatable motion libraries and supports major simulation platforms. LimX Dynamics raised $200M in Series B funding.
Optimus Gen 1
Tesla's first-generation humanoid robot prototype, also known as Tesla Bot. Unveiled at AI Day in September 2022, it demonstrated basic walking and arm movements. Controlled by the same AI system Tesla developed for its Autopilot driver-assistance technology. Linear actuators use planetary roller screw technology for high force density during walking. The Gen 1 prototype was a proof of concept that led to the more refined Gen 2 (December 2023) and the Optimus currently in limited production at Tesla factories.
Optimus Gen 2
Tesla's second-generation humanoid robot. Currently in internal deployment at Tesla factories. No consumer sales or pre-orders available. Musk has stated a target price of ~$30,000.
Pepper
Aldebaran Robotics' semi-humanoid robot designed to read emotions and interact with people. Introduced by SoftBank in Tokyo in June 2014, Pepper became one of the most recognized social robots in the world — approximately 27,000 units were manufactured before production was paused in June 2021 due to weak demand. The first batch of 1,000 units sold out in 60 seconds in June 2015. Pepper was deployed in SoftBank stores, banks, hospitals, airports, and restaurants across Japan, Europe, and North America. Features a 10.1-inch touch display, emotion recognition via facial expression and voice tone analysis, and a wheeled omnidirectional base. In 2025, Aldebaran Robotics went into receivership.
Phoenix
Sanctuary AI's general-purpose humanoid with Carbon AI system. Currently in pilot programs only. No public pricing or battery specs verified.
QRIO
QRIO (Quest for cuRIOsity) was Sony's bipedal humanoid entertainment robot, developed as a follow-up to AIBO. Standing just 58 cm tall and weighing 7.3 kg, it was the first bipedal robot capable of running — recognized by Guinness World Records in 2005. It could recognize faces and voices, dance, and interact with people. Sony discontinued development in January 2006. Four QRIO units famously appeared dancing in Beck's 'Hell Yes' music video.
Reachy 2
An open-source humanoid robot built by French company Pollen Robotics for research in manipulation, human-robot interaction, and embodied AI. Features two 7-DoF bio-inspired arms, a 3-DoF expressive head, and an omnidirectional mobile base with lidar. Partnered with Hugging Face on their LeRobot open-source robotics initiative. Fully open-source with ROS 2 support and a Python SDK. Designed for researchers, developers, and robotics enthusiasts who want a customizable platform. In April 2025, Pollen Robotics was acquired by Hugging Face, which plans to fully open-source both hardware and software.
REEM-C
REEM-C is a full-size bipedal humanoid research robot built by PAL Robotics in Barcelona, Spain. Standing 165 cm tall with 68 degrees of freedom, it can walk stably, climb stairs, and sit in a chair. It runs on ROS with Ubuntu Linux and is fully open-source in simulation. Designed for AI and robotics research, it supports whole-body control, autonomous navigation, grasping, speech recognition, and teleoperation. Used by universities and research labs worldwide.
RoBee R
RoBee R is an industrial cognitive humanoid robot made in Italy by Oversonic Robotics. Standing up to 190 cm tall and weighing up to 180 kg, it operates autonomously in factories and hospitals alongside human workers. It uses AI-driven perception and real-time decision-making to handle pick-and-place tasks, quality inspection, machine tending, and patient monitoring. RoBee debuted at CES 2026 and has been deployed in over 60 Italian companies. It features bimanual manipulation with 40 degrees of freedom, autonomous navigation up to 1.2 m/s, and up to 8 hours of battery life with inductive charging. Oversonic signed a supply agreement with STMicroelectronics in December 2025.
Robonaut 2
The first humanoid robot sent to space. Developed jointly by NASA and General Motors, Robonaut 2 (R2) arrived at the International Space Station aboard STS-133 in February 2011. Designed to work alongside astronauts using the same tools they use, R2 features dexterous five-fingered hands with 12 degrees of freedom each. It operated on the ISS until 2018 when it was returned to Earth for repairs. As of 2024, R2 is on display at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.
Sophia
The world's most famous social humanoid robot, activated on February 14, 2016 by Hong Kong-based Hanson Robotics. Sophia can mimic facial expressions (60+), hold basic conversations, and recognize faces. In 2017, Sophia became the first robot to receive Saudi Arabian citizenship and was named the UN's first Innovation Champion. Sophia is a technology demonstrator — not a general-purpose robot — with pre-scripted dialogue augmented by a decision-tree chat system.
Sprout
Fauna Robotics' bipedal humanoid developer platform designed for safe human interaction. Sprout is a 107cm tall, 22.7kg robot with 29 degrees of freedom, powered by an NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin 64GB. Designed in New York City and assembled in America, Sprout features a soft exterior, compliant motor control, and a tiered safety system — making it suitable for homes, classrooms, retail, and research labs. The Creator Edition ships today with full SDK access, built-in autonomy, and social behaviors out of the box. Featured on IEEE Spectrum's Video Friday, Sprout is being used by developers, enterprises, and researchers to build next-generation robotics applications.
SURENA IV
The fourth generation of Iran's SURENA humanoid robot series, developed at the Center of Advanced Systems and Technologies (CAST) at the University of Tehran under Professor Aghil Yousefi-Koma. SURENA IV has 43 degrees of freedom — a major leap from SURENA III's 31 — enabling force-controlled gripping of objects with varying shapes and materials. It walks continuously at 0.7 km/h (double SURENA III's speed), handles uneven terrain using novel sole contact sensors, and performs whole-body motion planning including writing and ball-kicking. AI capabilities include face detection, object recognition, skeleton-based whole-body imitation, and speech recognition/synthesis. Built lighter than its predecessor through topology optimization, compact custom actuators, and SLA 3D-printed covers. Control loops run at 200 Hz via FPGA. The IEEE has recognized the SURENA series among prominent humanoid robots worldwide.
TALOS
PAL Robotics' full-size humanoid research platform, built in Barcelona. TALOS stands 1.75m tall and weighs 95kg, with 32 degrees of freedom and full torque sensing in all joints (except head, wrists, and grippers). It can carry 6kg per arm fully extended, making it one of the strongest research humanoids available. Its EtherCAT communication network runs control loops at 2 kHz (up to 5 kHz), enabling highly reactive and dynamic motions. Fully ROS-based and open-source-friendly, with simulation models available. Used in top research labs worldwide for locomotion, whole-body control, and industrial manipulation research. The head and grippers are fully customizable.
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Unitree H2
Unitree's flagship full-size humanoid robot, standing 182 cm tall with 31 degrees of freedom. The H2 features aircraft-grade aluminum and titanium alloy construction, 360 N·m peak leg joint torque, and up to 2070 TOPS of computing power via an optional Jetson AGX Thor module. Priced at $29,900, it is one of the most affordable full-size humanoids on the market. Equipped with binocular cameras, array microphone, and voice interaction, it supports OTA updates for continuous algorithm improvement. An EDU variant is available for research and secondary development.
Valkyrie (R5)
NASA's R5 Valkyrie is an entirely electric humanoid robot designed and built at the Johnson Space Center for the 2013 DARPA Robotics Challenge. Named after a figure from Norse mythology, it was built to operate in degraded or damaged human-engineered environments — with the long-term goal of supporting future space missions, either preparing sites before human arrival or assisting crews on other planets. Valkyrie has 44 degrees of freedom, including a 7-DOF arm on each side and simplified hands with 3 fingers and a thumb. The head sits on a 3-DOF neck with a Carnegie Robotics Multisense SL sensor (stereo, laser, IR structured light) plus fore and aft hazard cameras in the torso. After the DRC Trials, NASA provided units to MIT and Northeastern University with $500,000 each in funding for further research.
Walker S
UBTECH's humanoid robot deployed at NIO automobile factories. Designed for industrial and service applications. One of the more mature Chinese humanoid platforms.
X2
AGIBOT's compact bipedal humanoid robot, standing 1.31m tall with up to 30 degrees of freedom (Ultra version). Designed for research and commercial applications with swappable batteries, 3D LiDAR, and an NVIDIA Orin NX compute board for on-device AI. Walks at up to 1.8 m/s and carries up to 3kg.